Izwe laseMesophothemiya.

I-Sumer yisona sizwe esidala ukudlula zonke eMesophothemiya, sasikhona ngonyaka wama-4500 B. C. Abafundi bomulando nokwasemanulo bakholelwa ukuthi lelizwe laseSumer lakhiwa ngabantu abasuka e-Eshiya yaseNtshonalanga, ngoba ulwimi lwesiSumeriya akulona lwesi-Semitic (lwesiSulumane kumbe lwaseSirayela). EBhabhiloni kwakungenye indawo yaseMesophothemiya eyakhiwa ngama-Akkadian. 

Inkolo yaseMesophothemiya ithi ul'wazi lwabo lwaleth'wa ngokuthile okuvela emanzini.

• Epic of Gilgamesh 

• Epic of Gilgamesh II

• Ihubo (Epic of Gilgamesh) ngesiSumeriya